![]() As part of their normal life cycle, most tissues and cells are never exposed to light, and it is known that ultraviolet (UV) light damages DNA, focused infrared (IR) light can cause localized heating, and fluorescence excitation causes phototoxicity to tissues and cells ( Pattison and Davies, 2006). Finally, a flow chart is provided to assist readers in choosing the appropriate imaging platform for their experimental systems.Īs with any measuring device, it is best to minimize any perturbations by optimizing the system so that it is minimally invasive. Brief suggestions for useful microscope accessories as well as available fluorescence tools are also presented. With an efficient optical microscope and a good detector, the light exposure can be minimized during live-cell imaging, thus minimizing phototoxicity and maintaining cell viability. There is also a focus on general and imaging-platform-specific ways to optimize the efficiency of light throughput and detection. This Commentary discusses how to set up a suitable environment on the microscope stage to maintain living cells. This can be achieved using superior-quality optical components and state-of-the-art detectors. To ensure minimal light exposure, it is crucial that microscope systems are optimized to collect as much light as possible. Many cells and tissues are not normally exposed to light during their life cycle, so it is important for microscopy applications to minimize light exposure, which can cause phototoxicity. It is crucial when performing such experiments that cell viability is at the forefront of any measurement to ensure that the physiological and biological processes that are under investigation are not altered in any way. Imaging of living cells and tissue is now common in many fields of the life and physical sciences, and is instrumental in revealing a great deal about cellular dynamics and function.
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